history.archiiv.cc/coldwar/
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The Cold War
The Cold War was a period of intense geopolitical tension that lasted from the end of World War II in 1947 until the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991. This era was characterized by a rivalry between two superpowers: the United States, which championed capitalism and democracy, and the Soviet Union, which promoted communism and a one-party state. The ideological conflict between these two systems fueled a series of proxy wars, military buildups, and a pervasive atmosphere of distrust and fear.
One of the defining features of the Cold War was the nuclear arms race. Both the U.S. and the Soviet Union amassed vast arsenals of nuclear weapons, leading to the doctrine of mutually assured destruction (MAD), which posited that a full-scale nuclear war would result in the annihilation of both sides. This precarious balance of power led to various arms control agreements, such as the Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (SALT), aimed at curbing the proliferation of nuclear weapons.
The Cold War also saw significant events that shaped global politics, including the Korean War, the Vietnam War, and the Cuban Missile Crisis. The Cuban Missile Crisis in 1962 was a particularly tense moment, bringing the world to the brink of nuclear war when the U.S. discovered Soviet missiles in Cuba. The crisis was ultimately resolved through diplomacy, highlighting the importance of communication in preventing conflict.
In the 1970s, a period of détente emerged, marked by improved relations and arms control agreements. However, tensions resurfaced in the late 1970s and 1980s, particularly with the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan. The Cold War began to wind down with the rise of Mikhail Gorbachev, who introduced reforms that led to greater openness and restructuring within the Soviet Union. The fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989 symbolized the collapse of communist regimes in Eastern Europe, and by 1991, the Soviet Union itself dissolved, marking the end of the Cold War. The legacy of this era continues to influence international relations and geopolitical dynamics today.
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